Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/113.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 12.4 KB | 401 lines

@node Geography (Indonesia)
@section Geography (Indonesia)

@display

Location:
  Southeast Asia, between Malaysia and Australia
Map references:
  Oceania, Southeast Asia, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  1,919,440 km2
 land area:
  1,826,440 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly less than three times the size of Texas
Land boundaries:
  total 2,602 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
Coastline:
  54,716 km
Maritime claims:
  measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
 exclusive economic zone:
  200 nm
 territorial sea:
  12 nm
International disputes:
  sovereignty over Timor Timur (East Timor Province) disputed with Portugal
  and not recognized by the UN; two islands in dispute with Malaysia
Climate:
  tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Terrain:
  mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Natural resources:
  petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils,
  coal, gold, silver
Land use:
 arable land:
  8%
 permanent crops:
  3%
 meadows and pastures:
  7%
 forest and woodland:
  67%
 other:
  15%
Irrigated land:
  75,500 km2 (1989 est.)
Environment:
  archipelago of 13,500 islands (6,000 inhabited); occasional floods, severe
  droughts, and tsunamis; deforestation
Note:
  straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from
  Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean



@end display

@node People (Indonesia)
@section People (Indonesia)

@display

Population:
  197,232,428 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  1.61% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  24.84 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  8.73 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  69.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  60.26 years
 male:
  58.28 years
 female:
  62.34 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:   2.86 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Indonesian(s)
 adjective:
  Indonesian
Ethnic divisions:
  Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26%
Religions:
  Muslim 87%, Protestant 6%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other
  1% (1985)
Languages:
  Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official), English, Dutch, local
  dialects the most widely spoken of which is Javanese
Literacy:
  age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
 total population:
  77%
 male:
  84%
 female:
  68%
Labor force:
  67 million
 by occupation:
  agriculture 55%, manufacturing 10%, construction 4%, transport and
  communications 3% (1985 est.)



@end display

@node Government (Indonesia)
@section Government (Indonesia)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Indonesia
 conventional short form:
  Indonesia
 local long form:
  Republik Indonesia
 local short form:
  Indonesia
 former name:
  Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
Digraph:
  ID
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Jakarta
Administrative divisions:
  24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions*,   (daerah-daerah
istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital
  city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya,,   Jakarta Raya**,,
Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan
  Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung,
  Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan,
  Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera
  Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur, Yogyakarta*, Independence:
  17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia
  became legally independent from the Netherlands)
Constitution:
  August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional
  Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959
Legal system:
  based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and
  by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
  jurisdiction
National holiday:
  Independence Day, 17 August (1945)
Political parties and leaders:
  GOLKAR (quasi-official party based on functional groups), Lt. Gen. (Ret.)
  WAHONO, general chairman; Indonesia Democracy Party (PDI - federation of
  former Nationalist and Christian Parties), SOERYADI, chairman; Development
  Unity Party (PPP, federation of former Islamic parties), Ismail Hasan
  METAREUM, chairman
Suffrage:
  17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Elections:
 House of Representatives:
  last held on 8 June 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - GOLKAR 68%,
  PPP 17%, PDI 15%; seats - (500 total, 400 elected, 100 appointed) GOLKAR
  282, PPP 62, PDI 56
Executive branch:
  president, vice president, Cabinet
Legislative branch:
  unicameral House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR); note -
  the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR)
  includes the DPR plus 500 indirectly elected members who meet every five
  years to elect the president and vice president and, theoretically, to
  determine national policy



@end display

@node Government (Indonesia 2. usage)
@section Government (Indonesia 2. usage)

@display

Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung)
Leaders:
 Chief of State and Head of Government:
  President Gen. (Ret.) SOEHARTO (since 27 March 1968); Vice President Gen.
  (Ret.) Try SUTRISNO (since 11 March 1993)
Member of:
  APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD,
  ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
  INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD,
  UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNOSOM, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Abdul Rachman RAMLY
 chancery:
  2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036  telephone:
  [phone]
 consulates general:
  Houston, New York, and Los Angeles
 consulates:
  Chicago and San Francisco
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Robert L. BARRY
 embassy:
  Medan Merdeka Selatan 5, Jakarta
 mailing address:
  APO AP 96520
 telephone:
  [62] (21) 360-360
 FAX:
  [62] (21) 360-644
 consulates:
  Medan, Surabaya
Flag:
  two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of
  Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white
  (top) and red



@end display

@node Economy (Indonesia)
@section Economy (Indonesia)

@display

Overview:
  Indonesia is a mixed economy with many socialist institutions and central
  planning but with a recent emphasis on deregulation and private enterprise.
  Indonesia has extensive natural wealth, yet, with a large and rapidly
  increasing population, it remains a poor country. Real GDP growth in 1985-92
  averaged about 6%, quite impressive, but not sufficient to both slash
  underemployment and absorb the 2.3 million workers annually entering the
  labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is an important
  sector, accounting for almost 20% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force.
  The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia
  is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - and
  textiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job
  generation. Industrial output now accounts for almost 40% of GDP and is
  based on a supply of diverse natural resources, including crude oil, natural
  gas, timber, metals, and coal. Of these, the oil sector dominates the
  external economy, generating more than 20% of the government's revenues and
  40% of export earnings in 1989. However, the economy's growth is highly
  dependent on the continuing expansion of nonoil exports. Japan remains
  Indonesia's most important customer and supplier of aid. Rapid growth in the
  money supply in 1989-90 prompted Jakarta to implement a tight monetary
  policy in 1991, forcing the private sector to go to foreign banks for
  investment financing. Real interest rates remained above 10% and off-shore
  commercial debt grew. The growth in off-shore debt prompted Jakarta to limit
  foreign borrowing beginning in late 1991. Despite the continued problems in
  moving toward a more open financial system and the persistence of a fairly
  tight credit situation, GDP growth in 1992 is estimated to have stayed at
  6%.
National product:   GDP - exchange rate conversion - $133 billion (1992 est.)
National product real growth rate:
  6% (1992 est.)
National product per capita:
  $680 (1992 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  8% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate:
  3% ; underemployment 45% (1991 est.)
Budget:
  revenues $17.2 billion; expenditures $23.4 billion, including capital
  expenditures of $8.9 billion (FY91)
Exports:
  $29.4 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
 commodities:
  petroleum and liquefied natural gas 40%, timber 15%, textiles 7%, rubber 5%,
  coffee 3%
 partners:
  Japan 37%, Europe 13%, US 12%, Singapore 8% (1991)
Imports:
  $24.6 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
 commodities:
  machinery 39%, chemical products 19%, manufactured goods 16%
 partners:
  Japan 25%, Europe 23%, US 13%, Singapore 5% (1991)
External debt:
  $50.5 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate 11.6% (1989 est.); accounts for almost 40% of GDP



@end display

@node Economy (Indonesia 2. usage)
@section Economy (Indonesia 2. usage)

@display

Electricity:
  11,600,000 kW capacity; 38,000 million kWh produced, 200 kWh per capita
  (1990)
Industries:
  petroleum and natural gas, textiles, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers,
  plywood, food, rubber
Agriculture:
  accounts for almost 20% of GDP; subsistence food production; small-holder
  and plantation production for export; main products are rice, cassava,
  peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, other tropical products,
  poultry, beef, pork, eggs
Illicit drugs:
  illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade, but not a
  major player; government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting
  traffickers
Economic aid:
  US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $4.4 billion; Western (non-US)
  countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion; OPEC
  bilateral aid (1979-89), $213 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175
  million
Currency:
  1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) = 100 sen (sen no longer used)
Exchange rates:
  Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 2,064.7 (January 1993), 2,029.9 (1992),
  1,950.3 (1991), 1,842.8 (1990), 1,770.1 (1989), 1,685.7 (1988)
Fiscal year:
  1 April - 31 March



@end display

@node Communications (Indonesia)
@section Communications (Indonesia)

@display

Railroads:
  6,964 km total; 6,389 km 1.067-meter gauge, 497 km 0.750-meter gauge, 78 km
  0.600-meter gauge; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; all government
  owned
Highways:
  119,500 km total; 11,812 km state, 34,180 km provincial, and 73,508 km
  district roads
Inland waterways:
  21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460
  km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
Pipelines:
  crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989)
Ports:
  Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Ujungpandang, Semarang,
  Surabaya
Merchant marine:
  401 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,766,201 GRT/2,642,529 DWT; includes
  6 short-sea passenger, 13 passenger-cargo, 238 cargo, 10 container, 4
  roll-on/roll-off cargo, 4 vehicle carrier, 78 oil tanker, 6 chemical tanker,
  6 liquefied gas, 7 specialized tanker, 1 livestock carrier, 26 bulk, 2
  passenger
Airports:
 total:
  435
 usable:
  411
 with permanent-surface runways:
  119
 with runways over 3,659 m:
  1
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  11
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  67
Telecommunications:
  interisland microwave system and HF police net; domestic service fair,
  international service good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 763,000 telephones
  (1986); broadcast stations - 618 AM, 38 FM, 9 TV; satellite earth stations -
  1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station and 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth
  station; and 1 domestic satellite communications system



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Indonesia)
@section Defense Forces (Indonesia)

@display

Branches:   Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 53,160,364; fit for military service 31,395,254; reach
  military age (18) annually 2,148,927 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $2.1 billion, 1.5% of GNP (FY93/94 est.)



@end display